{"id":575,"date":"2023-02-26T20:54:52","date_gmt":"2023-02-26T11:54:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/deficitowl.starfree.jp\/blog\/nyun\/kapital\/?p=575"},"modified":"2023-02-26T21:00:19","modified_gmt":"2023-02-26T12:00:19","slug":"%e3%80%881-6%e3%80%89-die-nutzlichkeit-eines-dings-macht-es-zum-gebrauchswert-%e3%80%80%e4%ba%a4%e6%8f%9b%e4%be%a1%e5%80%a4%e3%81%8c%e7%99%bb%e5%a0%b4%ef%bc%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mmtjp.stars.ne.jp\/kapital\/?p=575","title":{"rendered":"\u30081-6\u3009 Die N\u00fctzlichkeit eines Dings macht es zum Gebrauchswert \u2026\u3000\u4ea4\u63db\u4fa1\u5024\u304c\u767b\u5834\uff01"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u672c\u6587\u30ea\u30f3\u30af
\u30081-6\u3009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die N\u00fctzlichkeit eines Dings macht es zum Gebrauchswert (4). Aber diese N\u00fctzlichkeit schwebt nicht in der Luft. Durch die Eigenschaften des Warenk\u00f6rpers bedingt, existiert sie nicht ohne denselben. Der Warenk\u00f6rper selbst, wie Eisen, Weizen, Diamant usw., ist daher ein Gebrauchswert oder Gut. Dieser sein Charakter h\u00e4ngt nicht davon ab, ob die Aneignung seiner Gebrauchseigenschaften dem Menschen viel oder wenig Arbeit kostet. Bei Betrachtung der Gebrauchswerte wird stets ihre quantitative Bestimmtheit vorausgesetzt, wie Dutzend Uhren, Elle Leinwand, Tonne Eisen usw. Die Gebrauchswerte der Waren liefern das Material einer eignen Disziplin, der Warenkunde (5). Der Gebrauchswert verwirklicht sich nur im Gebrauch oder der Konsumtion. Gebrauchswerte bilden den stofflichen Inhalt des Reichtums, welches immer seine gesellschaftliche Form sei. In der von uns zu betrachtenden Gesellschaftsform bilden sie zugleich die stofflichen Tr\u00e4ger des \u2013 Tauschwerts.<\/strong>
(4) \u201cDer nat\u00fcrliche worth jedes Dinges besteht in seiner Eignung, die notwendigen Bed\u00fcrfnisse zu befriedigen oder den Annehmlichkeiten des menschlichen Lebens zu dienen.\u201d (John Locke<\/em>, \u201cSome Considerations on the Consequences of the Lowering of Interest\u201d, 1691, in \u201cWorks\u201d, edit. Lond. 1777, v. II, p. 28.) Im 17. Jahrhundert finden wir noch h\u00e4ufig bei englischen Schriftstellen \u201cWorth\u201d f\u00fcr Gebrauchswert und \u201cValue\u201d f\u00fcr Tauschwert, ganz im Geist einer Sprache, die es liebt, die unmittelbare Sache germanisch und die reflektierte Sache romanisch auszudr\u00fccken.
(5) In der b\u00fcrgerlichen Gesellschaft herrscht die fictio juris, da\u00df jeder Mensch als Warenk\u00e4ufer eine enzyklop\u00e4dische Warenkenntnis besitzt.

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*\uff08\u56db\uff09\u300c\u8af8\u7269\u306e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u306a\u4fa1\u5024\uff08natural worth\uff09\u306f\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u6b32\u671b\u3092\u6e80\u8db3\u3055\u305b\u305f\u308a\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3064\u306a\u3069\u306e\u9069\u6027\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300d(\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30ed\u30c3\u30af<\/em>, “\u5229\u5b50\u5f15\u304d\u4e0b\u3052\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u5e30\u7d50\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8af8\u8003\u5bdf\uff08Some Considerations on the Consequences of the Lowering of Interest\uff09”, 1691, in “Works”, edit. Lond. 1777, v. II, p. 28.)
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an sich \u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30ef\u30f3\u306d\u3002\u3002\u3002

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\u5f7c\uff08Lidovici\uff09\u306f\u300c\u5546\u54c1\u5b66\uff08Warenkunde\uff09\u300d\u3068\u306f\u5546\u54c1\u77e5\u8b58\uff08Warenkenntniss)\u3068\u3082\u8a00\u3044\u3001\u5546\u4eba\u5b66\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u9580\u3092\u5360\u3081\u3001\u5546\u4eba\u304c\u5546\u54c1\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u308b\u3079\u304d\u8af8\u4e8b\u9805\u3092\u6559\u3048\u308b\u3002\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5546\u54c1\u5b66\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092 … \u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
<\/div>

\u3053\u3046\u3044\u3046\u5b66\u554f\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3093\u3060\uff01<\/p>

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\u690d\u6c11\u5730\u8cbf\u6613\u3092\u306f\u3058\u3081\u3068\u3057\u305f\u6d77\u5916\u8cbf\u6613\u304c\u767a\u5c55\u3057\u305f\u6642\u4ee3\u306f\u3001\u7279\u306b\u3053\u3046\u3044\u3046\u306e\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u306d\u3002<\/p>

<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\u30de\u30eb\u30af\u30b9\u3055\u3093\u306e\u6ce8\u8a18\u3082\u624b\u53b3\u3057\u3044\u30ef\u30f3\u306d\u3002<\/p>

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\u6b21\u884c\u304f\u306d\u3002

\u8af8\u3005\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u4fa1\u5024\u306f\u3001\u305f\u3060\u4f7f\u7528\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6d88\u8cbb\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306e\u307f\u5b9f\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u8af8\u3005\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u4fa1\u5024\u306f\u3001\u5bcc\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u306a\u5f62\u5f0f\u304c\u3069\u3093\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u308a\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5bcc\u306e\u7d20\u6750\u7684\u306a\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u306a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/strong>

\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u4fa1\u5024\u3060\u3051\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3002<\/p>

<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>

\u4ea4\u63db\u4fa1\u5024\u306f\u305d\u3046\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002
\u78ba\u304b\u306b\u300c\u4f7f\u7528\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6d88\u8cbb\u300d\u3067\u5b9f\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u30ef\u30f3\u3002<\/p>

<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>

\u6211\u3005\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8003\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u306d\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u8af8\u3005\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u4fa1\u5024\u306f\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u7d20\u6750\u7684\u306a\u62c5\u3044\u624b\uff08Tr\u00e4ger <\/strong>\uff09\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4ea4\u63db\u4fa1\u5024\u306e\u62c5\u3044\u624b\u306b\u3002<\/strong>

\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u4e00\u8a00\u304c\u304b\u3063\u3053\u3044\u3044\u3002
\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3060\u3068\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u9593\u629c\u3051\u306a\u3093\u3060\u3051\u3069\u3002<\/p>

<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>

Tauschwert<\/strong>\uff08\u4ea4\u63db\u4fa1\u5024\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8449\u306f\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u3082\u542b\u3081\u3066\u3053\u3053\u3067\u521d\u3081\u3066\u51fa\u3066\u304f\u308b\u30ef\u30f3\u306d\u3002<\/p>

<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>

\u305d\u3046\u305d\u3046\u3002<\/p>

<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>

\u6b21\u56de\u306f\u3053\u3061\u3089\u3002
\u3044\u3088\u3044\u3088\u30d0\u30fc\u30dc\u30f3\u306e\u8ad6\u306b\u3082\u77db\u5148\u304c\u5411\u304b\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>

<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u30081-7\u3009<\/a>
Der Tauschwert erscheint zun\u00e4chst als das quantitative Verh\u00e4ltnis, die Proportion, worin sich Gebrauchswerte einer Art gegen Gebrauchswerte anderer Art austauschen (6), ein Verh\u00e4ltnis, das best\u00e4ndig mit Zeit und Ort wechselt. Der Tauschwert scheint daher etwas Zuf\u00e4lliges und rein Rela- <51> tives, ein der Ware innerlicher, immanenter Tauschwert (valeur intrins\u00e8que) also eine contradictio in adjecto (7). Betrachten wir die Sache n\u00e4her.<\/strong>
(6)\u00a0\u201cDer Wert besteht in dem Tauschverh\u00e4ltnis, das zwischen einem Ding und einem anderen, zwischen der Menge eines Erzeugnisses und der eines anderen besteht.\u201d (Le Trosne, \u201cDe l\u2019Int\u00e9r\u00eat Social\u201d, [in] \u201cPhysiocrates\u201d, \u00e9d. Daire, Paris 1846, p. 889.)\u00a0
(7)\u00a0\u201cNichts kann einen inneren Tauschwert haben\u201d (N. Barbon<\/em>, l.c.p. 6), oder wie\u00a0Butler<\/em>\u00a0sagt:
\u201cDer Wert eines Dings ist grade so viel, wie es einbringen wird.\u201d\u00a0

\u4ea4\u63db\u4fa1\u5024\u306f\u3001\u307e\u305a\u3082\u3063\u3066\u91cf\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u3042\u308b\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u4fa1\u5024\u304c\u5225\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u4fa1\u5024\u3068\u4ea4\u63db\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5272\u5408\u3068\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u308c\u308b\uff08\u516d\uff09\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u6642\u9593\u3084\u5834\u6240\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7d76\u3048\u305a\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u4ea4\u63db\u4fa1\u5024\u306f\u3001\u5546\u54c1\u306b\u5185\u5728\u3059\u308b\u4fa1\u5024\uff08valeur intrins\u00e8que\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3064\u3064\u3001\u5076\u7136\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308a\u7d14\u7c8b\u306b\u76f8\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5f62\u5bb9\u77db\u76fe\uff08eine contradictio in adjecto\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08\u4e03\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3068\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u898b\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046\u3002<\/strong>
*\uff08\u516d\uff09\u201c\u4fa1\u5024\u3068\u306f\u3001\u3042\u308b\u7269\u3068\u5225\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30e2\u30ce\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u4ea4\u63db\u95a2\u4fc2\u3001\u3042\u308b\u88fd\u54c1\u306e\u91cf\u3068\u5225\u306e\u88fd\u54c1\u306e\u91cf\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u4ea4\u63db\u95a2\u4fc2\u3067\u6210\u308a\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u201d (\u30eb\u30fb\u30c8\u30ed\u30b9\u30cd, \u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u306e\u95a2\u5fc3\u201d, [in] \u201cPhysiocrates\u201d, \u00e9d. Daire, Paris 1846, p. 889.)\u00a0
*\uff08\u4e03\uff09\u201c\u5185\u306a\u308b\u306a\u4ea4\u63db\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u6301\u3064\u7269\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3048\u306a\u3044\u201d (N. \u30d0\u30fc\u30dc\u30f3<\/em>, \u524d\u63b2\u66f8 6), \u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u30d0\u30c8\u30e9\u30fc\u304c\u3053\u3046\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3002\u201d\u30e2\u30ce\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3082\u306e\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201dTauschwert\uff08\u4ea4\u63db\u4fa1\u5024\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8449\u306f\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u3082\u542b\u3081\u3066\u3053\u3053\u3067\u521d\u3081\u3066\u51fa\u3066\u304f\u308b\u201d \u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u8aad\u3080 →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":684,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mmtjp.stars.ne.jp\/kapital\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/575","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mmtjp.stars.ne.jp\/kapital\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mmtjp.stars.ne.jp\/kapital\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mmtjp.stars.ne.jp\/kapital\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mmtjp.stars.ne.jp\/kapital\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=575"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/mmtjp.stars.ne.jp\/kapital\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/575\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":692,"href":"https:\/\/mmtjp.stars.ne.jp\/kapital\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/575\/revisions\/692"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mmtjp.stars.ne.jp\/kapital\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/684"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mmtjp.stars.ne.jp\/kapital\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=575"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mmtjp.stars.ne.jp\/kapital\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=575"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mmtjp.stars.ne.jp\/kapital\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=575"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}